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Ivan Adolfovich Teodorovich ((ロシア語:Ива́н Адольфо́вич Теодо́рович); (ポーランド語:Iwan Adolfowicz Teodorowicz)) (September 10 (O. S. August 29), 1875, Smolensk - September 20, 1937) was a Russian Bolshevik activist, and the first Commissar for Food when the Council of People's Commissars was established (October - November 1917). Teodorovich, the son of a land surveyor from Smolensk, was born into a family of ethnic Polish origin.〔Budaev, I.D. "Теодорович Иван Адольфович" ("Teodorovich Ivan Adolfovich"). ''Культурное наследие земли Смоленской'' (''The Cultural Heritage of Smolensk's Land''). Retrieved 2 March 2009. http://nasledie.smolensk.ru/pkns/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=2005&Itemid=61 〕 His father, two maternal uncles, and grandfather had all participated in insurrectionary activity; it was from this background, Teodorovich would write, that he first learned to hate "czarism, its officials, and military establishment."〔 Teodorovich's childhood was spent in severe poverty: his mother, struggling to support six sons, worked as a seamstress and laundrywoman.〔 Teodorovich was educated at Moscow State University, where he joined an early Marxist group in 1895. In 1902-1903 he was a member of the Moscow Committee of the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party. After a series of arrests, in 1903 the czarist authorities sent Teodorovich to an exile in Yakutia. Escaping in 1905, he fled to Switzerland, where he made personal contacts with Vladimir Lenin. In October 1905 Teodorovich returned to Russia and operated in Saint Petersburg, promoted to a member of the Central Committee in 1907. In May 1909 he was arrested again and remained in custody until the February Revolution of 1917. In Summer 1917 Teodorovich co-chaired Saint Petersburg City Hall, at the same time working towards the Bolshevik revolt against the Provisional Government.〔 Immediately after the October Revolution Teodorovich became the first Commissar for Agriculture in the first Bolshevik Government. In November he resigned due to political disagreement with Lenin's majority over a coalition with the Mensheviks and other factions (Teodorovich supported a broad coalition, against Lenin's will). In 1920 he returned to the board of the Commissariat for Agriculture and rose to Deputy Commissar in May 1922; in 1928-1930 he chaired the Peasants branch of Comintern.〔 As the Bolsheviks' expert on agriculture, Teodorovich delivered speeches to various councils and international forums, and authored brochures, journal and newspaper articles dealing with agriculture and agrarian policy.〔 In November 1930 Teodorovich was condemned as a counter-revolutionary "Kondratievist".〔(Trotsky, Leon. (1927). ''The Stalin School of Falsification'' ), by Leon Trotsky, Introduction by Max Shachtman.〕 Teodorovich was convicted in the trial of the so-called ''Moskva Center'' group (involving a total of 120 people). The trial was sanctioned by Joseph Stalin and Vyacheslav Molotov on September 15, 1937.〔(【引用サイトリンク】 url=http://www.memo.ru/history/vkvs/spiski/pg03086.htm )〕 Teodorovich was executed five days later. == References == 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Ivan Teodorovich」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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